Hunting the Red Fox Online: Understanding and Detection of Mass Redirect-Script Injections

The “Red Fox”

For years, the Internet community has been haunted by increasingly sophisticated and organized cybercrimes, ranging from exploits on vulnerable systems (e.g., drive-by downloads) to all kinds of frauds and social engineering. Such criminal activities have developed into mass underground businesses, costing the world hundreds of billions of dollars every year and victimizing hundreds of millions of Internet users.…